CHINA'S GRAND STRATEGY EVOLVING WITH CONCEPT OF SCIENTIFIC DEVELOPMENT

Chinese translation

从科学发展观的演变看中国的宏伟战略
作者：世界和谐组织总干事 冯忠华博士 (Francis C.W. Fung. PhD)
http://www.worldharmonyorg.net/

受西方科学与文明的影响，二百多年来，中国一直在寻找一个有自己特色而不背离传统的发展方向。这一探索始于中国饱受殖民统治屈辱的清朝末年，继而持续发展，历经外国侵略、奴役和国内动乱，直到二十世纪才告结束。期间多灾多难的历史不堪回首，却被文学作品翔实地记录下来。中华民族付出了极其昂贵的代价，才学到今天的惨痛教训，认识到必须象所有伟大的民族复苏一样，前赴后继，才有希望。人类文明是一个不可分割的整体，中国五千年文化和传统一旦消失，将是无法承受的遗憾。
由已故邓小平先生启动的改革开放政策，史无前例地让中国这么大的国家，以持续快速的经济发展迈入21世纪，给世人留下深刻的印象。此事发生在冷战时代结束后相对和平与稳定的30年。回顾冷战时代，中国人民对整个国家无端被封锁十分反感，心情可以理解。任何国家，只有与外界的平等交往和互动，才能进步。军事强权以炮舰政策牵制他国的发展，是不人道的。
看得出来，经济取得成功后，中国寻求的是可持续发展。过去五年中，中国展开一场主题为持续发展之路和社会主义现代化建设的大辩论。中国中央政府从辩论中推出两项可以打开可持续创新思维闸门的开创性概念。于2004年提出了科学发展观，并于2006年做出了“建设一个社会主义和谐社会”的决定。中国能以这个方法发展吗？还有哪些因素会在中国出现呢？中国必须学会的其他必要条件是什么呢？难道这就是我们常常听到的具有中国特色的社会主义的方向？中国是否已找到其独特的发展方向？不论发达国家还是发展中国家，找出上述答案都非常重要。它影响占全球几乎四分之一人口的命运，同时影响其他发展中国家的发展。能否因此形成一个所谓北京共识呢？更重要的是，中国能最终成为和谐共主吗？
中国古文化的本质是老子教导的“道”。追求和谐与谦卑，已经成为一个信仰体系，由孔子和其他圣贤世代相传下来。简言之，中国文化所奉的道，给了和谐很强的亲和力。这种亲和力反映并突显在中国人生活中的礼仪方式，景观欣赏，建筑设计，风水习俗、道德准则和价值观念。道是信仰的最高准则，是宇宙的起源。它是大自然的秩序，是科学精神和人文精神的统一。道是中华文化的灵魂和根基。作为一种文化，永远不能否认自己的传承。任何文化，根基一旦遗失，等于丧失自己的灵魂。
修道的最终目标是达到心如止水，天人合一。追求的境界包括自然和谐，家庭和睦，乃至不同社会、不同国家和睦相处。和谐之路遥远，只有由道带领我们沿着信任，正义，公平，宽恕，宽容和谦卑之路走，才能到达广袤的和谐境界。人类发展至今产生了弱肉强食为主导的“生存侵略”，最恶劣的例子是以武力征服，殖民主义，暴力迫使他人接受自己的发展模式。中国是个非常和平的传统农业国，不同于以游牧为主的社会，历史上从未征服外国。由于过去二百年饱受帝国主义国家的统治和欺凌，今天中国人民仍对“生存侵略” 其它弱小国家的恶行记忆犹新，深恶痛绝。这也是为什么今天中国会大力倡导和谐社会及世界和谐复兴的原因（见笔者【中国和谐复兴：世界须知】一文）。
今天，与自然和睦相处的潮流方兴未艾。自然和谐是世人的共识，也必将导致各国对和谐的认同。共同发展，双赢发展，定将逐步取代过去盲目的零和心态。世界的和谐复兴会释放出人类从被奴役下的破坏性生存对抗，到人类共同发展的建设性集体创新能量。人类历史上经历过两个主要发展阶段。大约二千年前，全球蔓延着自然的哲学思想即爱和序。500年多前的启蒙时期和欧洲文艺复兴，带来今天的民主与现代科学。和谐复兴是第三个发展阶段，将产生一个公平的竞争环境，所有国家都能共享人类创新的成果。集体创新的成就，将远远超过欧洲文艺复兴时（见笔者【世界和谐复兴－一个更美好世界的承诺】一文） 。
相较过去30年改革开放所实现的经济成就，中国今天面临的困境是发展的不平衡，新旧制度改变所造成的急速需要调整。长达五千多年的历史记录中，新中国的58年经历了前所未有的动荡。众所周知的事实是，这种动荡造成史无前例的快速转变，已经发生在今天的中国。人类历史上，尚无任何大国有过类似经验。有时候中国受西方文化的压制，似乎失去方向。
作为哲学，道与和谐具有普世价值，但中国的哲学不会成为发展的宏伟战略。其它国家也不需畏惧中国将所谓的北京共识出口到发展中国家。未来的世界正迅速成为一个多边的社会。正如我们亲眼目睹向宗教优越感索赔的企图带来文化冲突而导致世界冲突一样，美国在伊拉克执行其自家出口的民主制度的灾难性后果大家同样有目共睹。宗教、民主、道与和谐等哲学，是教导我们心境平和地达到共同价值观必不可少的理论。他们是每个人为其文化遗产而努力的信仰。另方面，任何国家发展的宏伟战略，必须发自内部，而不能在外力胁迫下制定。在这个多边的世界，没有国家愿意接受别人的说教。
今天中国的宏伟发展战略，必须是2007年10月21日刚结束的中共17届全国代表大会上达成共识，得出结论，明智宣布的有中国特色的社会主义。据头条新闻，中国的宏伟战略目标，将演变成运用科学发展观，建立一个相对繁荣的公正和谐的社会。以和谐为目标的宏伟战略，结果会是一个可行的综合性主体计划工程系统，包括以下关键分析。下列提纲各部分重要性的顺序尚未固定，发展过程必然会根据复杂且动态的社会而演变。正如笔者在以下结论提出的：大道的和谐精神，发现新知，必须保留旧识的完整。
1. 任何国家的发展，必须不断演变并和世界的发展衔接。一旦外力强行介入，从此不得安宁。
2. 中国宏伟战略自2004年起演变成科学发展观。用中国共产党的话说，是有中国特色的社会主义制度。
3. 中国目前的发展应包括经济、政治、科学和社会因素。
4. 继续维持目前改革开放的势头，为可持续经济发展做小幅调整。
5. 扩大科学发展观，将其纳入系统工程的导线。
6. 逐步推行政治改革，宜更多参与以配合现代发展。
7. 颁布法律支持经济和政治改革，任何开发必须与自然和谐以保持绿色世界的生态平衡。
8. 社会主义初级阶段首先必须打下强大的经济基础。中国目前尚处在社会主义发展的初期阶段。
9. 马克思主义必须进化，与世界发展衔接。
10. 中国将永远反对霸权主义。促进多边合作，双赢发展。
11. 倡导以道及和谐复兴为国家的振兴理论。
12. 倡导和谐外交，使之成为治理世界的金科玉律。
13. 有中国特色的社会主义就是和谐社会主义。
14. 建立一个与传统价值观、现代人权与社会主义发展之间和谐的和谐社会。
15. 保持国家与不同形式的私有和市场经济之间的和谐。
16. 通过生态共识和人与自然共处，促进世界和谐。中国说法为天人合一。
17. 英文缺乏传统说法，恰当的描述或可称共同建设一个绿色世界。

翻译：世界和谐组织理事 林光前


CHINA’S GRAND STRATEGY EVOLVING WITH CONCEPT OF SCEINTIFIC DEVELOPMENT
By Francis C. W. Fung, PH.D.

Under the impact of Western science and civilization, China for more than two hundred years was searching for a development direction of her own, which would not entail giving up her tradition and identity. The period of search began at the end of Qing dynasty, when China suffered humiliations one after the other under the reigning colonial powers of the time. This continuing process of development struggle lasted through foreign domination, invasions and domestic upheavals until the end of the twentieth century. China’s history of trial and tribulations during this time period is well documented in literature. From it, the Chinese nation collectively paid dearly and learned the hard lessons necessary to move forward like all great national revivals of the past. Human civilization as a whole cannot afford to neglect the over 5000 years of valuable Chinese culture and tradition. That will be most regrettable.

China is moving into the 21st Century with impressive economic development unprecedented in human history for such a large nation which began with the reform and open up policy initiated by the late Deng Xiaoping. It occurred during the last 30 years of relative peace and stability after the end of the cold war era. It is understandable that the nation of China as a whole looked back at the involuntary isolation of the cold war era with a great deal of misgiving. For all nations to progress with the world it must be given the level field to interact with the outside. For great powers to exercise its naval power to contain other nation’s development is inhumane.

Having achieved relative economic successes, China is now looking to sustainable development. Great debates are occurring in China especially during the last five years on its continuing path of development and modernization. From the debates, the Chinese Central government has launched two ground breaking concepts that can open the flood gate of innovative sustainable thinking. The 2004 Concept of Scientific development led eventually to the 2006 “Decisions for the building of a harmony society”. Can China develop according to this approach? What other factors must occur in China? What are the other necessary conditions for China to stay the course? Is this the direction for socialism building with Chinese characteristics of which we so often hear? Has China finally found its unique direction of development? It is important for both the developed and the developing countries to find out. It will affect the destiny of almost one quarter of world’s population and perhaps other developing countries’ development. Will this lead to the so called Beijing Consensus? More important, will it finally take hold in China and last?

The essence of ancient Chinese culture is reverence of the “Great Way” (Dao) as taught by Laotze, and pursuit of Harmony with humility as a belief system handed down by Confucius and her other sages. Simply put, Chinese culture reveres the Great Way and has strong affinity for harmony. This affinity is reflected with prominence in the Chinese ceremonial way of life, landscaping, building design, Fengshui practices and moral codes and values. Dao is the highest order of belief and is the origin of the universe. It is nature’s order and is the unification of the scientific spirit and human spirit. It is the soul and roots of Chinese culture. A culture can never deny its own heritage. A culture which looses its own roots is devoid of its own soul.

The ultimate goal of practicing Dao is to reach inner peace and live in harmony with the universe (Tien Ren He Yi). This includes harmony with nature, harmony within the family, the society, the country and harmony among nations. To reach broad harmony, Dao must lead us to harmony through trust, justice, equity, forgiveness, tolerance and humility. Human development so far has been dominated by “Survival Aggression” with the strong overwhelming the weak, the worst examples were military conquests, colonialism and forcing one’s development model on others by force. China as a traditional agriculture, as opposed to a predominantly nomadic society, has been an exceptionally peaceful major nation that did not have a history of foreign conquest. Because of the last two hundred years of domination and humiliation by foreign imperialistic nations China today has a strong distaste to the practice of “Survival Aggression”. That is why China today is advocating harmony society and world harmony through harmony renaissance (see “China’s Harmony Renaissance- What the World Must Know” by the author).

Today the inevitable tide of harmony with nature is also beginning to catch on. The world consensus of harmony with nature will lead to the recognition of the need for harmony among nations also. Mutual development, win-win development will gradually replace the past blind zero sum mentality of world development. World harmony renaissance will release humans from the bondage of destructive- survival confrontations. It will release our collective creative energy for constructive mutual development. Human history has gone through two major phases of development. Approximately two thousand years ago, the world saw a burst of philosophical ideas spreading through the world for universal love and order. Five hundred years or so ago, the age of enlightenment and European Renaissance gave us democracy and today’s modern science. Harmony Renaissance is the third phase of development that will yield a level playing field for all nations to enjoy the fruits of common human innovation. Our collective accomplishments will far surpass the achievements of European Renaissance (see “World harmony Renaissance- Promise for a Better World” by the author).

Having achieved relative economic success during the last 30 years of reform and opening up the new China of today is faced with the dilemmas of uneven development, reconciliation of the old and new caused by breakneck speed of change. The new China of 58 years is going through unprecedented upheavals relative to its entire recorded history of over 5000 years. As a matter of fact the tumult caused by unprecedented rapid change experienced by China today, also has no parallel in human history of any major nation. At times, China overwhelmed by the impact of Western culture, appeared to be lost.

As meritorious as the philosophies of DAO and harmony as universal common values, they will not become the grand strategy of development for China. There also needs to be no fear for the so called “Beijing Consensus” that will be exported to the developing world. The future world is fast becoming a multilateral world. Just as we witness how the world conflicts brought on by attempts to claim religious superiority led to cultural clashes, the disastrous aftermath of America’s enforcing of its own democratic system on Iraq is for all to see. Religion, democracy, Dao and harmony philosophies are essential to teach us common values for our hearts to reach peace within ourselves. They are beliefs for each person to strive for according to his cultural heritage. On the other hand the grand strategy of development for any nation must develop from within and not to be forced from the outside. In a multilateral world no nation wishes to be preached at either.

So for China, its grand strategy for development must be “socialism with Chinese characteristics” as wisely announced by the consensus conclusion reached by the 17 CPC National Congress that just ended October 21st, 2007. According to the headlines, China’s grand strategy will evolve from the concept of scientific development with the objective of building a relatively prosperous, just, and harmonious society for all. And the grand strategy incorporating the objective of harmony will be the result of a comprehensive master plan of executable engineering system analysis, comprising the following critical pieces. The order of importance of each element in the following outline is not fixed, but will sure be subject to the dynamic evolvement of a complex and fluid society in its development. But the harmony spirit of the great Dao of discovering the new and old must remain intact as put forth by the author in the following summary:

ALL NATIONAL DEVELOPMENTS MUST BE CONTINULY EVOLVING AND IN TOUCH WITH WORLD DEVELOPMENT. ONCE DISTURBED FORCIBLY BY OUTSIDE FORCE INSTABILITY WILL SET IN.

CHINESE GRAND STRATEGY IS EVOLVING FROM THE 2004 CONCEPT OF SCIENTIFIC DEVELOPMENT. IT IS, ACCORDING TO THE CPC, A SYSTEM OF CHINESE SOCIALISM WITH CHINESE CHARACTERISTICS

CHINESE CURRENT DEVELOPMENT SHALL CONSISTS OF ECONOMIC, POLITICAL, SCIENTIFIC AND SOCIETAL ELEMENTS

CONTINUE THE CURRENT MOMENTUM OF REFORM AND OPENING UP,
FINE TUNE ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

EXPAND CONCEPT OF SCIENTIFIC DEVELOPMENT INTO SYSTEM ENGINEERING GUIDE LINES

GRADUALLY INTRODUCE POLITICAL REFORM TO INTRODUCE MORE PARTICIPATION TO SUIT MODERN DEVELOPMENT

PROMULGATE LAWS TO SUPPORT ECONOMIC AND POLITICAL REFORMS. DEVELOPMENT MUST BE IN HARMONY WITH NATURE

SOCIALISM IN THE INITIAL STAGE MUST BUILD A STRONG ECONOMIC FOUNDATION. CHINA IS STILL AT THE EARLY STAGE OF SOCIALIST DEVELOPMENT

MARXISM MUST BE EVOLUTIONARY AND IN TOUCH WITH WORLD DEVELOPMENT

CHINA WILL BE FOREVER AGAINST HEGEMONY AND WILL PROMOTE MUTUAL AND WIN-WIN DEVELOPMENT

ADVOCATE DAO AND HARMONY RENAISSANCE AS NATIONAL REVIVAL

ADVOCATE HARMONY DIPLOMACY AS THE GOLDEN RULE OF WORLD GOVERNANCE

SOCIALISM WITH CHINESE CHARACTERISTICS IS SOCIALISM WITH HARMONY

BUILD HARMONY SOCIETY WITH HARMONY BETWEEN TRADITIONAL VALUE, MODERN HUMAN RIGHTS AND SOCIALISTIC DEVELOPMENT

MAINTAIN HARMONY BETWEEN STATE AND DIFFERENT FORMS OF PRIVATE AND MARKET ECONOMY

PROMOTE WORLD HARMONY THROUGH ECOLOGY CONSENSUS AND UNITY OF MAN WITH NATURE. IN CHINA THE SAYING IS TIEN REN HE YI.
IN ENGLISH, LACKING A TRADITIONAL TERM PERHAPS THE APT DESCRIPITION IS COLLECTIVELY BUILDING A GREEN WORLD.


Francis C. W. Fung, PH.D.
Director General
World Harmony Organization